Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification ONS Practice Test 2026 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

Interferons are a group of signaling proteins that are produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. Their primary function is to inhibit viral replication, which they accomplish through several mechanisms.

When an interferon is released by an infected cell, it binds to neighboring cells and triggers the expression of genes that can help to establish an antiviral state. This state makes it more difficult for viruses to replicate within these neighboring cells. Interferons can also enhance the immune response by increasing the activity of natural killer cells and macrophages, although their principal role remains the inhibition of viral replication.

Thus, the choice regarding the inhibition of viral replication accurately captures the essential function of interferons in the immune response to viral infections. This understanding is crucial for comprehending the therapeutic applications of interferons in the treatment of various viral infections and certain types of cancers.